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}} The cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach (German: ''Bachkantaten'') are among his most significant and celebrated compositions. While many have been lost, at least 209 of the cantatas composed by Bach have survived. As far as we know, Bach's earliest surviving cantatas date from 1707, the year he moved to Mühlhausen (although he may have begun composing them at his previous post at Arnstadt). Most of Bach's cantatas date from his first years as ''ドイツ語:Thomaskantor'', cantor of the main churches of Leipzig), which he took up in 1723. Working especially at the ドイツ語:Thomaskirche and the ドイツ語:Nikolaikirche, it was part of his job to perform a church cantata every Sunday and Holiday, conducting soloists, the Thomanerchor and orchestra as part of the church service. In his first years in Leipzig, starting after Trinity of 1723, it was not unusual for him to compose a new work every week.〔 Accessed via JSTOR, subscription required〕 Works from three annual cycles of cantatas for the liturgical calendar have survived. These relate to the readings prescribed by the Lutheran liturgy for the specific occasion. He composed his last cantata probably in 1745. In addition to the church cantatas, Bach composed sacred cantatas for functions like weddings or ''ドイツ語:Ratswahl'' (the inauguration of a new town council), music for academic functions of the University of Leipzig at the Paulinerkirche, and secular cantatas for anniversaries and entertainment in nobility and society, some of them ''ドイツ語:Glückwunschkantaten'' (congratulatory cantatas) and ''ドイツ語:Huldigungskantaten'' (homage cantatas). His cantatas usually require four soloists and a four-part choir, but he also wrote solo cantatas for typically one soloist and dialogue cantatas for two singers. The words for many cantatas combine Bible quotes, contemporary poetry and chorale, but he also composed a cycle of chorale cantatas based exclusively on one chorale. == Name and titles == Although the term Bachkantate (Bach cantata) became very familiar, Bach himself used the title ''Cantata'' rarely in his manuscripts, but in Ich will den Kreuzstab gerne tragen, BWV 56 he wrote ''Cantata à Voce Sola e Stromenti'' (''Cantata for solo voice and instruments''). Another cantata in which Bach used that term is ドイツ語:Ich bin vergnügt mit meinem Glücke, BWV 84. Typically, he began a heading with the abbreviation ''J.J.'' (''ラテン語:Jesu juva'', "Jesus, help"), followed by the name of the celebration, the beginning of the words and the instrumentation, for example in ラテン語:Gloria in excelsis Deo, BWV 191. Bach often signed his cantatas with SDG, short for ''ラテン語:Soli Deo Gloria'' ("glory to the only God" / "glory to God alone").〔 Bach often wrote a title page for the autograph score and copies of the original parts. For example, he titled the parts of ''Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir'', BWV 38, using a mix of languages to describe the occasion, the incipit, the precise scoring and his name: "Dominica 21. post Trinit / Aus tieffer Noth schrey ich zu dir. / â / 4. Voc. / 2. Hautbois. / 2. Violini. / Viola. / 4. Tromboni / e / Continuo. / di / Signore / J.S.Bach".〔 The occasion for which the piece was performed is given first, in Latin: "ラテン語:Dominica 21. post Trinit" (Sunday 21 after Trinity Sunday, with Trinit short for Trinitatis). The title follows, given in German in the orthography of Bach's time. The scoring and finally his name appear in a mix of French and Italian, the common languages among musicians at the time, partly abbreviated. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bach cantata」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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